![]() ![]() The arrival of the dental simulator marked a new era of dental preclinical education. The dental simulator appeared in the 1990s as a result of further research into methods of dental preclinical education, concern for patient safety, improvements in computer technology, and the inappropriateness of a clinical environment for the novice. Modern phantom head simulators include water spray, dental handpieces, and other necessary items, providing students with a more realistic environment for diagnosis and treatment. Since then, the phantom head simulator has developed rapidly. Later, Oswald Fergus invented the first phantom head simulator in 1894, which was used to teach oral anatomy and physiology to dental students. ![]() ![]() Pioneers of dental education began to use extracted teeth in dental skills education in the 1800s. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of current dental simulators on related technologies, advantages and disadvantages, methods of evaluating effectiveness, and future directions for development.ĭental skills training is a very important part of preclinical learning in dental education and has a long history. In the future, when combined with big data, cloud computing, 5G, and deep learning technology, dental simulators will be able to give students individualized learning assistance, and their functions will be more diverse and suitable for preclinical training. However, because of the technology limitations of virtual reality and force feedback, dental simulators still have many hardware and software disadvantages that have prevented them from being an alternative to traditional dental simulators as a primary skill training method. The application of dental simulators in teaching can make up for the deficiency of traditional teaching methods and reduce the teaching burden, improving convenience for both teachers and students. In dental education, virtual reality is mainly used to assist or replace traditional methods of teaching clinical skills in preclinical training for several subjects, such as endodontics, prosthodontics, periodontics, implantology, and dental surgery. ![]() The application of virtual reality has become increasingly extensive as this technology has developed. ![]()
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